On this page
A paraprofessional, often called a para, can be the person who keeps a child safe, calm and able to learn through the school day. When an IEP lists a para and none is assigned, or the school rotates whoever is free that day, the child may lose most of what the IEP set up. This guide explains what the NYC Public Schools say a para is for, what to ask the school, and how to keep a record that holds up.
What a paraprofessional does
The DOE's page on other special education services describes a paraprofessional as an aide who assists students. The support may be for a whole class or for one student, and for all or part of the day. An IEP may recommend a para for behavior support, health needs or transportation. For health-related para services, the DOE notes that more paperwork may be required before the IEP meeting.
Read exactly what the IEP says
Look at the IEP page that lists services. Note whether the para is shared or 1:1, whether it is for the full day or certain periods, and what it is for. Those details matter: a shared classroom aide is not the same as a 1:1 para for behavior, and a para only on the bus is different from one in class. Our guide to reading the IEP shows where to look.
What to ask the school
- Is a paraprofessional assigned to my child, and what is their name?
- On which days and during which periods did my child have the para this month?
- When no para was available, who covered, if anyone?
Ask in writing so there is a date on the request. The free school email builder can help you keep it short and factual.
Keep a daily record
Note each day whether the para was there, for how much of the day, and anything that happened when they were not, such as a call from school, a removal from class or an injury. Mark what you cannot confirm as unconfirmed. Ask your child's teacher for a quick note if that is easier. The missed-services log works for daily notes, and our guide on documenting missed services explains what counts as evidence.
If the school says no para is available
Staffing gaps are common, but a staffing gap does not change what the IEP says. Ask what the plan is and when a para will start. If it continues, families can raise it at an IEP meeting, or through a state complaint or due process complaint. When required services were not provided, a hearing or a settlement can sometimes award compensatory services. No one can promise that result.
If your child has gone weeks or months without what the IEP promises, you can ask for a free callback. We explain what families in your situation usually do and, where it fits, connect you with help. There is no cost to you, now or later.
Last reviewed: October 2026
